Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD): Long-Term Lung Problems in Premature Babies

Overview

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that affects premature babies. It is one of the most common chronic conditions in premature infants and can cause significant health problems.

Causes

BPD is caused by damage to the lungs that occurs during or after premature birth. This damage can be caused by: * Prolonged use of mechanical ventilation * Oxygen therapy * Infection * Aspiration of gastric contents * Malnutrition

Symptoms

Symptoms of BPD can include: * Rapid breathing * Wheezing * Cyanosis (bluish tint to the skin, lips, or fingernails) * Difficulty feeding * Poor weight gain * Frequent respiratory infections

Diagnosis

BPD is diagnosed based on the baby's symptoms and a physical examination. A chest X-ray may also be done to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

There is no cure for BPD, but treatment can help to improve the baby's symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment may include: * Oxygen therapy * Bronchodilators * Steroids * Antibiotics * Nutrition support

Prognosis

The prognosis for babies with BPD depends on the severity of the disease. Babies with mild BPD may have only minor problems, while babies with severe BPD may have lifelong disabilities. However, with proper treatment, most babies with BPD can live healthy lives.